Through referenced literature and examples, examine the range of Essay

Through referenced writing and models, look at the scope of speculations of what a business person is and how they add to the economy and society - Essay Example the term is applied, certain components are steady: business people are people of certain mental characteristics and exceptional capacities who, through these characteristics, contribute riches and vitality to an economy and social advantages past business. There are an entire scope of hypotheses with regards to what makes a business person. With respect to affirmation that business people are conceived, not made...Shane (2010) declares this might be just half obvious on the off chance that one is talking about hereditary qualities. One of the more current exact examinations was finished by Collins and Moore and distributed in their outstanding investigation in The Enterprising Man. (erase words) Seeking to demonstrate their hypothesis that business visionaries speaks to certain mental qualities, they utilized the Thematic Apperception Tests (TAT) test. The subject, gave a lot of cards with human figures in an assortment of settings, makes a story including components portraying the occasion appeared; what has paved the way to it; what the characters in the image are feeling and thinking; and the result of the occasion. The test accept certain outcomes about the subject’s character in relationship to entrepreneurshipâ€workaholics once in a while each fulfilled; belittling with subordinates; suspect and dismissing of authorityâ€that inside the Collins and Moore mental profile hypothesis speaks to youth associations with grown-ups in the business people life. (Roberts, 1991: 50). All through different investigations, in any case, while there gives off an impression of being a reasonable connection among business enterprise and accomplishment inspiration over various estimation instruments (Edwards Personal Preference Scale, the Mehrabian Scale, and the TAT (1) Sexton and Bowman (1986) discovered irregularities that challenge the visually impaired acknowledgment of this hypothesis, and that ‘students and nonstudents (business visionaries, expected business visionaries, and nonentrepreneurs) contrast on an assortment of attributes which should be steady across time and circumstances as indicated by character

Climate change debate - anthropogenic or natural Essay

Environmental change banter - anthropogenic or regular - Essay Example As each individual has its visible, there are individuals who feel that climatic changes in this world are because of man made advancements and enterprises yet then again there is a way of thinking that believes that these atmosphere changes are because of the common procedures and there is no interruption of the human advancement that has developed the atmosphere changes in this world. The target of this paper is to demonstrate what drives atmosphere to transform it ways, is it the quick paced human advancement or is it a characteristic course that is finishing its cycle. Classification H2O: Water; here generally H2O is alluded to water fume. SO2: Sulfur Dioxide CO2: Carbon Dioxide H2S: Hydrogen Sulfide HCL: Hydrochloric Acid HF: Hydrofluoric Acid CFC : Chloro fluoro Carbons Introduction Climatic changes and how the climate is carrying on these days don't appear to be a special case for the humankind, and the prime factor which has the liable tag upon it is â€Å"nature†. At the point when it is examined that what are the anthropogenic components which can contribute in environmental change?, the principal thing which rises into mind is this artificial advancement that has advanced with the approach of enterprises. On the off chance that the procedure of contamination isn't halted it can alone be the motivation to end this human advancement. If there should be an occurrence of characteristic causes for the most part the greatest source is the consistent warmth from the sun which is causing atmosphere changes even before human progress existed. Characteristic and anthropogenic climatic influences are significant in light of the fact that in one way or the other them two do add to the climatic changes our reality is confronting. In any case, who takes the lion’s share must be talked about. On the off chance that the reasons for the climatic change are not recognized, at that point this world would really endure to an indefinable degree. Bill Clinto n recommended that â€Å"I stress over the Climate Change; it’s the main thing I accept has the ability to in a general sense end the walk of human advancement as we probably am aware it† (Tabor 45). The main obligation isn't to simply distinguish the reason yet in addition to correct it, particularly the variables which are in the human hands should be killed at any expense. It is a typical practice among individuals to blend an Earth-wide temperature boost in with climatic changes that occurring. Be that as it may, an unnatural weather change just shows the temperature changes, where as climatic change works upon temperature changes and different variables, for instance modification in earth’s vitality and so forth (Burroughs 8). This thesis would be useful in understanding that how much normally happening impacts can be a piece of climatic outcomes and what amount is the human hand associated with creating these changes. Those progressions can change from the green house impact to volcanic ejections, utilization of pressurized canned products, earth shudders, exhaustion of ozone layer and so on. Needs Statement The issue proclamation for this thesis will be: â€Å"A study completed to investigate the issue of environmental change because of normal and anthrop

Describe Writing Essays With Descriptive Writing Essay Samples

Describe Writing Essays With Descriptive Writing Essay SamplesWhen writing a thesis, it is important to ensure that you have enough of a sample of descriptive writing essay samples. No matter how excellent a college student, graduate or even undergraduate level writing assignment is, you must be able to make sure that it really is in line with the professional standards of the work that you will be doing in the future. These kinds of descriptions and essays should also fit into your general academic areas of study.Descriptive writing is usually a very extensive topic. To make sure that you will be able to pass all of your assignments, you will need to have a sample written down for every subject that you are about to study. A descriptive writing sample will enable you to ensure that you are not getting any bad quality work done.You also need to take into consideration that this subject will require you to be very dedicated and professional. A description of a specific topic or subjec t can be of a variety of different things such as a vacation review, political discussion or a general knowledge overview. In order to pass your course, you need to make sure that all of your work is up to par.Your college professor will also give you a lot of work on how to go about writing essays. You might not be able to pass the assignments yourself. That is why you need to be able to consult with a copy editor on your description essays.A lot of authors will use free samples for their description essays in order to get them started. It will be up to you to ensure that you are able to write an excellent and professional piece of work. A lot of people use free samples in order to help them prepare.Getting all of the necessary knowledge on writing these types of essays is an extremely helpful thing to do. This information is needed to ensure that you are able to pass your own master's thesis. At the same time, you should also check your reference material in order to be sure that you are in a position to get some good descriptions of subjects that you are going to learn about in school.There are a number of ways that you can become a more proficient writer, from a writing a thesis all the way to a thesis writing that can get some grant money to writing your thesis in the first place. A descriptive writing sample can help you in a number of ways. There are a lot of different types of people who use descriptive writing for whatever purpose they may have.Sometimes, the writers do not really know what to write about, therefore they will just write whatever comes to mind. This is one of the main things that descriptive writing essays will teach you. A description essay is not something that you want to underestimate.

John Miller s Death Of A Salesman Essay - 1521 Words

Riseman’s analysis presents the other side of life in the Consumer Republic. At a societal level, the GDP was shooting up at record speed, massive public projects like the highway system improved American infrastructure, and American influence all around the world was rising. Yet to the individual citizen or family, the realities of an increasingly materialistic society brought new questions that often had disillusioning answers. Works such as the film â€Å"Rebel Without a Cause† and Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman† provide commentary on the social problems that formed in the changing American society. One can see that the effects of the consumer focused nature of the postwar American economy rippled throughout all aspects of American life. Another dimension to the social redefinitions occurring in the Consumer Republic was manifested in the increasing cries of systematically oppressed peoples, such as African Americans, Women, and the LGBTQ com munity. The postwar years were defined by a vast increase in wealth and a government with new power to direct this wealth in powerful ways. It is unsurprising that given these circumstances, racism, both implicit and explicit became abundantly clear as these groups of people found themselves living lives very different from the newly minted American Dream of homeownership and suburban bliss. While the focus of this paper is not on the specifics of these social movements, it is important to note that the economic climate gave clearShow MoreRelatedArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman And John Steinbeck1500 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller in his play Death of a Salesman and John Steinbeck in his novella Of Mice and Men portray characters in light of hopelessness and not achieving the American dream. Although the play and the novel are different, they share clear similarities. Characters in both texts want to pursue the American dream. Steinbeck set the novel in 1937 because the Grea t Depression had started nine years before. Steinbeck may have set the novel at the time to show the impact the Depression had on migrantRead MoreAnalysis of Colson Whiteheads John Henry Days1515 Words   |  6 PagesThesis: Colson Whiteheads John Henry Days is a quintessentially postmodern novel because of its cynical tone, its confluence of imagery, and its treatment of social and existential alienation. I. When the protagonist first arrives in West Virginia, his sense of alienation and isolation become poignant: setting the stage for what is becoming a postmodern novel. His experience checking into the hotel as a journalist offers telling evidence of the theme of alienation: The desk man at the hotel gaveRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1052 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller was one of the leading American playwrights in the 20th century. Arthur Miller was born on October 17, 1915 in Harlem New York City to Isidore and Augusta Miller (GradeSaver). After graduating from high school, Miller worked a variety of odd jobs including hosting a radio program; this was before the University of Michigan accepted him. At school, he studied journalism, became the night editor of the Michigan Daily, and began experimenting with theater and writing plays. He lived throughRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck1452 Words   |  6 PagesThe novella â€Å"Of Mice and Menâ₠¬  by John Steinbeck (published in 1937) and the play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller (published in 1949) both focus on the idea of the American dream creating a better life for oneself in a land of opportunity. However, both texts question whether this dream is achievable or just an illusion which is unattainable. Steinbecks novella â€Å"Of Mice and Men† tells the tale of two migrant ranch workers, George and Lennie, with a dream of getting their own farm. The genuineRead MoreEssay about Arthur Miller1626 Words   |  7 PagesTheater Appreciation ARTHUR MILLER Of the list of American playwrights the one I thought I would find most interesting is Arthur Miller. Being relatively familiar with some of his work I wanted to learn more about him. Through the research I have done I have been able to find some very interesting information about Millers work as well as his personal life. Arthur Miller was born in New York on October 17, 1915. His father, Isidore Miller, was a ladies-wear manufacturer and shopkeeper whoseRead MoreAmerica s The American Dream1537 Words   |  7 Pagesroom, and I knew this was going to be miserable. As the teacher was handing out the syllabus, I flipped through the pages to look at the list of books we had to read over the course of the year. As I was going through the list Arthur Miller’s Death of A Salesman was there. Now, at the time yes, I was involved in theater but not as passionate as I am now-so when I saw it I was interested. It was the first time that I was actually interested in English class. When we started to read the play in classRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman And The Crucible2615 Words   |  11 Pagesbeen perfect times. Arthur Miller’s writing style focuses on how his characters deal with external and internal problems and how their reactions to these problems reflect their characterization. Arthur Miller uses external conflict, internal conflict, and indirect characterization, in Death of a Salesman and The Crucible, to show how ideas of society do not always agree with the ideas and beliefs of others which can lead to a fatal action. There are three major external struggles brought forth in Miller’sRead MoreEssay on The American Dream1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman, The Great Gatsby, and Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Millions of immigrants come to America each year to seek their American Dream. Many people believe that rising social mobility and success is possibleRead MoreEssay about A Shattered Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller2640 Words   |  11 PagesA Shattered Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Death of a Salesman tells the story of a man confronting failure in the success-driven society of America and shows the tragic path, which eventually leads to Willy Lomans suicide. Death of a Salesman?is?a search for identity, [Willy?s] attempt to be a man according to the frontier tradition in which he was raised, and a failure to achieve that identity because in [1942] and in [Brooklyn] that identity cannot be achieved. (GrossRead MoreThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesregardless of birth or wealth; you work hard enough you will achieve anything. However, Miller says people have been ultimately misguided ´. The origins of the American Dream seem to have been rooted in the pioneering mentality of the 18th and 19th century immigrants, most of whom came to America because of a promise of a new and better life. In particular, the opportunity to own one ´s land. But land ran out ´ and so cities developed and massive variations arose in wealth

Rhetorical Analysis of Obamas Speech on Race - 906 Words

â€Å"We the people, in order to form a more perfect union†1 - On March the 18th 2008 Barack Obama opened his speech on race, in Philadelphia, with this sentence. From the open sentence you can see that this speech isn’t any speech, perform by any orator. It’s a speech with a main message, performed for the people, to creates a brighter future for all the American people and to change history. Obama’s speech on race was a part of his campaign while he was running for the presidential election in 2009. He speaks to the American people with the purpose to gather them and with spirit of fellowship to creates a unity and patriotism. A unity where everyone stands together and in jointly could make the world a better place for everyone, no matter†¦show more content†¦He wants: Everybody to get a health care To bring all soldiers back from war Better educations Eliminate financial problems As you can see there are applied many of the rhetorical tools, but Obama has also used contrast e.g. blacks versus whites, slavers versus slaveowners, etc. In the end of Obama’s speech on race he tells a story about a black man who wanted to help a white girl, which shows emphasis between whites and blacks, and that’s what Obama wants to - to create a fellowship. To catch the white voters Obama applies his patriotic lexicon and it is meant to comfort white ears and smoothe white fears. The black voters are presumably already gained, since he talks their issues... Obama opens his speech with a slogan (refer to footnote 1) and he introduces the audience to the subject by referring to the Emancipation Proclamation with the sentence: â€Å"Two hundred and twenty one years ago, in a hall that still stands across the street [†¦]†6, which another famous orator, Martin Luther King, also used for the opening of his legendary speech â€Å"I Have a Dream†. Martin Luther King started: â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American [†¦]†7, but that’s not the only comparing between the two speeches. They are two black males, who both are fighting for equality for all kind of humans no matter race. Shortly, they want to change history. Through the speeches they both use the word â€Å"we†

Improving a Teams Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance

Improving a Teams Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance. LDR/531 Improving a Teams Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance Team collaboration is a challenge organizations encounter because of varies personalities, cultures, and beliefs. According to Web Finance, Inc. (2012), a team is defined as â€Å"a group of people with a full set of complementary skills required to complete a task, job, or project.† A team is structured in an organization, usually separated into different teams to fulfill the desired goal or mission. Some people may believe a team or group is the same; however, they both are entirely two different entities in its entirety. For example, a group of people may not have the same objectives in mind, but a team is†¦show more content†¦It is important for organizations to have ethic business training programs. One example would be quarterly Internet training via Internet, and a motivational speaker at a conference annually would help improve business decisions among management. Management would attend the motivational conference, whereas staff including management would at tend the Internet training. The training should be clear and well defined but also for the better of the organization and not for personal reasons. Collaborating with management Each month we have supervisor meeting addressing updates and concerns, which give us the opportunity to exchange ideas. There are 28 supervisors with very different personalities, but we all are a team trying to accomplish a desired goal for the organization. Some of the attitudes are strong while others are more passive. There are some supervisor’s that will speak up to the director, correcting her, while others are not as confident or perhaps do not want to get involved; this would be their personality. While each possesses different emotions and values, our values in the workforce must meet. The difference of each supervisor allows us to exchange ideas, and pinpoint what is not working in our clinics. At times, a supervisor might have personal reasons to suggest a change, but gathering together allows us to determine if this would work. Conclusion Teams are an important aspect of anShow MoreRelatedLeadership Scale For Sports Developed By Chelladurai And Saleh1274 Words   |  6 Pagesimpactful presence on the participation of sport. Various leadership styles and tendencies are displayed by coaches and administrators and we look to examine how these dimensions of leadership correlate with participant responsiveness, satisfaction, and motivation. In addition to the effects of leadership on participation, the effectiveness of multi-dimensional leaders will be discussed as well as the examination of leadership behaviors that yield the most satisfactory results among participantsRead MoreComparison of Two Companies and Their Approach to Staff Motivation818 Words   |  3 PagesThe management of MS was more confident to give the information about their current motivation, empowerment and training development. These tend to look like that the organisation is doing right. The comparison of both interviews, MS were more helpful in te rm of providing information and straight forward for interview request and received straight way. Conversely Lidl have taken long to respond to my request for interview, once I have received, unfortunately they were not willing to offer. I hadRead MoreMotivation Performance Management Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesRunning Head: Motivation and Performance Management Motivation and Performance Management Strayer University Organizational Behavior – BUS322 November 13, 2013, 2013 Motivation and Performance Management Employees in the public and private sectors experience different working conditions and employment relationships. Therefore, their attitudes toward their job and organization, and relationships between them, are differentRead MoreOrganizational Performance Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pages1996. These five individuals make up Airdevils Inc. upper management team. Currently, Airdevils Inc. has 115 employees. Within the last two years Airdevils Inc. has began to suffer from a lack of employee and customer satisfaction. The company provided a breakdown of four phases the company is trying to work on and they are primary cause of low job satisfaction, steps to improve job satisfaction, forming a stunt consulting team, and alleviating stress felt by the support crewmembers. Celsey hiredRead MoreEmployee Satisfaction And Employee Performance1045 Words   |  5 PagesAfter conducting a study of the satisfaction found among employees of Choongam Sports Center, I have discerned some key eleme nts of employee satisfaction that will be useful to the company in optimizing its work space. Employee satisfaction is crucial to any industry such as the fitness industry that depends upon its employees to embody the company brand and interface with consumers every day. It is also important to the efficiency and productivity of any organization, as it affects employeeRead MoreHuman Resource Management: Performance Management Objectives Based on Reward1247 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance management objectives based on reward management Introduction Performance management is a concept in the field of human resource management . It is defined as the continuous process of measuring and developing performance in the organisation by linking each employee performance and objectives to the organisations overall mission and goals . It is also the process which contributes to the effective management of individuals and teams in order to achieve high level of organizational performanceRead MoreRevitalizing JBL Enterprises665 Words   |  3 Pages JBL Enterprises (JBL) is experiencing significant decrease in employee satisfaction and product output even though overall manufacturing processes and employee numbers remain generally the same. The JBL leadership team must analyze root cause for declining employee satisfaction by gathering input from both the management team and their employees, while also assessing management leadership skillset gaps. Behavior based contingency leadership is most appropriate for this situation because emplo yeeRead MoreMotivation Concepts1537 Words   |  7 Pagesoperands of curiosity and exploration are motivational drivers. Motivation can be defined as the arousal, direction and persistence of behavior. (Franken, 1994) Motivation is an internal state or condition that activates behavior giving direction towards ones desire or want. The motivational drive is a basic or instinctive need associated in the effort of behavior directed towards a goal-oriented cause. Curiosity is central to motivation for exploratory behavior. Curiosity has been referred as aRead MoreBmw motivating staff1011 Words   |  5 Pagesthe company s varied and successful history covering everything from the historical archives, assortment of aeroplanes, communication, the museum and BMW s role in the international club scene.BMW became an automobile manufacturer in 1929. BMW s team of engineers progressively developed their cars from small Seven-based cars into six-cylinder luxury cars and, in 1936, began p roduction of the BMW 328 sports car. Aircraft engines, motorcycles, and automobiles would be BMW s main products until WorldRead MoreHr Theories of Motivation1667 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction The companies’ leaders can improve their business by investing in development new products or services, improvement product or service quality, and enhancement marketing and sales. Another possible investment is improving the way a company manages its people – tends to receive less attention. Human Resource Management is very important for business as it involves a variety of activities that deal with the ‘human side of organisation’ (Griffiths and Wall, 2005). Armstrong

Introduction to Epidemiology for Paper Critique - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Write about theIntroduction to Epidemiology for Paper Critique. Answer: Title of the Journal Article The title of this journal article is brief, precise and there is no punctuation used. It is written using simple language and the intervention/exposure can be easily identified. However, the authors of this journal article have run short of naming the associated outcome as expected. There are good examples where the associated outcome have been mentioned making the title more precise and clear. For example, a journal article authored by (Li et al., 2012; Rastogi et al., 2004) has outlined both intervention and outcome, making it easier for the reader to understand the purpose the study. The Article Abstract The simple requirement for an abstract is to summarize the study and it should be stand alone. Therefore, the abstract in this article has met the basic elements by clearly stating the purpose of the study, objectives of the study, the main findings of the study, the study population, the study design, and the conclusion derived from the study findings have been clearly started. Moreover, the objective of this article was to determine effects of physical activity at the lower level compared to the recommended level with lowering of risk factors associated with cardiovascular and improved functional capacity as the outcome according to (Tully et al., 2007). Introduction The introduction part of this journal article starts by associating the exposure that is active participation in physical activity to the outcome that which is clearly started as improved health of the community. Moreover, the author went ahead and identified the gap in knowledge that exists. For example, according to (Tully et al., 2007), recommendation on the promotion of structured walking scheme and the effect on low-level physical activity are not well researched and there is a lack of proper documentation. The gap in knowledge then acts as the basis for the purpose of the research, and the research problem is derived from the gap in knowledge on the study area, some of the gap in knowledge that have been pronounced by the authors include lack of research evidence to show where pedometer has been used as adjunct to other interventions and the differential effect of as a result of varying doses of the exposure. Moreover, the statement of the problem has been clearly stated in the in the introduction part of the article. For example, in order to identify research problem and formulate the research questions, the author of this journal article has cited an article that recognizes the fact that adherence to supervised programs have recorded low results, and lack of research findings based on adherence to an unsupervised walking programs according to (Tully et al., 2005; King et al., 1995) as cited by (Tully et al., 2007). The use of other past research findings as part of the introduction part is a good move, the use of literature helps the reader to understand more about the subject area and the rationale of the study. For example, the same trend has been witnessed in the other journal articles on the same subject area, according to (Soares et al., 2015; Rognmo et al., 2012; Rostagi et al., 2004), there is an established association between physical activity such taking part in 36 minutes of walking every day with reduction in the risk of developing Coronary heart disease by 55%. In this article, the authors have emphasized on the benefits of organized walking on the health of the community. At the same time, it is worth noting that at the end of the introduction part the authors of this article have articulated the aim of their study. According to (Tully et al., 2007), the aim of the study was to establish the effect of unsupervised home-based walking at lower the existing suggested level of physical activity on the risk factors related to cardiovascular disease and functional capacity on the health of an adult practicing sedentary lifestyle using the pedometers for self-monitoring. However, there are some issues that have not been addressed in the introduction part of this article. For example, the author has not highlighted the research questions or created a good theoretical ground for the formulation of hypothesis. The studies by (Anderson et al., 2016; Shiroma et al., 2010; Hashibe et al., 2009), are exemplary examples where the a uthors have highlighted research questions and hypothesis in order to enable the reader to understand the rationale of the study. The same concept has been witnessed in studies conducted by (Heran et al., 2011; Chow et al., 2010; Rostagi et al., 2004), in this study in the introduction part the researchers have reviewed the different literature with a view of describing both the exposure and the outcome. Furthermore, the information has helped the reader understand the subject area and help in identification of the gap in knowledge that exists. The literature used in this journal have helped in highlighting the knowledge gap that exists within the subject area. For example, a studies conducted by (Mons et al., 2014; Meisinger et al., 2007; Rostagi et al., 2004), is a good example where the authors have stated the gap in knowledge in the introduction part. Description of Evidence Exposure The exposure in this study was a home-based walking program. Outcome The expected outcome of this study was improved cardiovascular risk factors and functional capacity. The study participants carried out self-monitoring to measure the outcome using pedometers. It is worth mentioning that the researchers observed certain standard procedures during the measurement of the outcome in order to reduce the chances of measurement bias from occurring. For example, the author has clearly mentioned that during the measurement of arterial blood pressure and the heart rate the study participants were allowed to rest for 3 minutes and the measurements were taken while they were seated, in addition, the measurement was obtained using a validated tool. This was a very good move by the researchers in improving the internal validity of the research by reducing measurement bias. Moreover, the researcher baseline measurement for the lipid profile test was also done by following the recommended laboratory standard procedures, in this case, the study participants were ask ed to fast before their blood samples were taken for determination of the lipoproteins that included low-density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol, and high-density lipoproteins. Technically this is tests that require patient to fast overnight before their determination can be carried out from the blood sample, in the absence of fasting there will be a false positive result. However, despite all the efforts put in place by the researcher in eliminating the measurement bias, it is very clear after exhaustively reading the article that the researchers of this article did not state how many enumerators were involved during the outcome measurement and whether they were trained or not, the issue is of concern because it could be a source of bias in the study. I would recommend that the measurements taken by well-trained enumerator and only one person is engaged as the enumerator in taking outcome measurements to eliminate measurement bias completely leading to improved study result v alidity. According to (Boccia et al., 2007), the bias are defined as systemic errors that afflict the study design and therefore negatively impacting the study validity and the overall effects will be felt as the established association based on the study findings can be challenged by others. Study Design A randomized control trial study design was used to conduct this study. The individuals who were invited to the first session were interviewed and asked to fill a questionnaire on the lifestyle and health issues. It is very important that the authors of this article have started the inclusion and exclusion criteria that were used for recruiting the study participants. One of the basic element to be considered when determining causality in any epidemiological study assess whether the study design used is appropriate, besides good sample size and elimination of systemic error that could influence the outcome of the observed association between exposure and outcome according to (Quincy and Ragan , 2017; Bowling, 2014; Sofi et al., 2008). The decision by the researcher of this study to use the random controlled trial as the study design to determine the association between unsupervised home-based walking at lower the existing suggested level of physical activity on the risk factors relat ed to cardiovascular disease and functional capacity on the health of an adult practicing sedentary lifestyle according to (Tully et al., 2007), is highly recommendable. Random controlled trials is highly ranked as one of the epidemiological study design that has the capabilities of providing most reliable evidence to determine association between the exposure and the outcome, this is because most of the confounding factors that could have led to study participants being exposed during the study have been eliminated by randomization according to (Salmond et al., 2016; Zaccai, 2004). However, this study design is expensive as compared to case-control studies and ethical issues are also an area of concern. It is important to recognize the fact that for this study the researchers obtained signed consent from the study participants before their lifestyle and health information was obtained and ethical clearance was sought by the researchers from Queens University of Belfast research eth ics committee as suggested by (Tully et al., 2007). However, it is worth mentioning that randomization doesnt perfectly yield balanced groups between the exposed and the control with respect to prognostic factors and differences due to chance has seen in the exposed group according to (Stott et al., 2012; Zaccai, 2004). In this study the authors went ahead and clearly started that randomization was achieved by computer generating random numbers and the results were concealed until after the baseline measurements was complete, the aspect of reporting the process of randomization and concealment was a good move. According to (Bowling, 2014; Kepes et al., 2014; Zaccai, 2004), one source of error in reporting randomized control trials is a lack of reporting on the method used to achieve randomization and allocation of concealment. Zaccai reported that 45% of random controlled trail journal articles obtained from a medical journal that went through systematic review lacked reporting on t he process of randomization. Study Population The participants in this study were employees of Northern Ireland Civil Service (NICS) with age bracket of 40 to 61 years. The restriction of age is one way of eradicating confounding factors, hence, this was a good move by the authors to improve the internal validity of the study. However, there was no matching between the exposed group and control. According to (Boccia et al., 2007), the use of restriction and matching are effective ways to prevent confounding in any epidemiological study. Studies by (Sattelmair et al., 2011; Rastogi et al., 2004), the concept of age restriction and matching was used to eliminate the confounders. The source of the study population has an impact on the conclusion that can be drawn from the study, selection bias can be introduced into the study based on how the participants were recruited according to (Zaccai, 2004). For example, in this study the participants were recruited into the study through the media, this can be a source of selection bias in that the level of motivation and attitude towards health issues between those who voluntary to participants and non-participants. The authors of this article have done a good job by clearly starting the inclusion and exclusion criteria that were used to recruit the participants into the study, this move helped in improving the study validity. However, the reader of this article can raise fundamental issues that regarding the lack of description of socio-demographic characteristics, I would recommend that the information on socio-demographic be included to give more information on the study participants and limit confounding. Description of the study population socio-demographics helps the reader understand the possibilities of making a statistical inference based on the study findings (Salmond et al., 2016; Boccia et al., 2007; Zaccai, 2004). The generalization of this study finding to the entire population cannot be realized due to certain issues that include lack of stratification of the study participants within the group, for instance in the control group there were only 5 males and 15 females, the results obtained from this can be misleading. It is worth noting that the author of this journal article have clearly started and explained the loss of follow-up and the attrition rate has been calculated this could help the reader in understanding the conclusion drawn from the association and exposure. Main Findings and Discussion The researcher has recognized the importance of reporting on the response rate that was witnessed during the period of the study which was reported as 5.6%. However, it is important to point out that the registered response rate was quite low and therefore, could not be a true representative of the initial population which was estimated to be 3000, this has negatively impact on the external validity of the study findings. Therefore, the statistical inference of this study findings can be challenged by the reader. At the same time, it is recommendable that the author has reported the issue and this can be viewed as a limitation of this study. Moreover, the researchers of this article have reported an attrition rate of 11% and the reasons for the loss of the study participants have been given. Though, it was important to report the attrition rate the reader can associate it with a source of attrition bias in the study. The effect can be felt when calculating the attribute risk, hence, resulting in decrease in the strength of association between the exposure and outcome. The researchers in this study reported significant decrease in the measurable outcome of the cardiovascular risk factors such as BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, total cholesterol to HDL ratio for both the 3and 5 day group, but the same was not recorded among the control group. Furthermore, the researchers in this study performed independent t-test to determine if the difference in a significant changes observed between the 3 and 5 day groups were due to lack of balance between the subgroups. The decision to use the t-test was a good move because this was one of the best ways of eliminating confounding factors another possible way of removing the confounding would be through stratification. The authors reported no significant difference the 3 and 5 day in terms of the distance walked and this was proved by the results producing a p of 0.81 but 3 day group recorded increased functionali ty with p-value results of 0.03. The authors did well by presenting the significance of the results using the p-values, they did not go further to state the confidence interval which could have validated the study results more. However, this can only be assumed to be significantly correct if there was no bias introduced in the study, but from the scrutiny of the study method there are possibilities of bias hence the validity of the results can be challenged by the reader. For example, despite all the efforts put in place by the researcher in eliminating the measurement bias during the measurement of the outcome, it is very clear after exhaustively reading the article that the researchers of this article did not state how many enumerators were involved during the outcome measurement and whether they were trained or not, the issue is of concern because it could be a source of bias in the study. It would have been my recommendation that the measurements be taken by well-trained enumera tor and only one person should have been engaged as the enumerator in taking outcome measurements to enhance the study result validity. At the same time, the data on the walking program the study participants were allowed to self-report on the steps made, the level of breathlessness, and duration of walking this could be prone to bias. It is not easy to determine the strength of association between the exposure and outcome from this study findings. The authors of this research have used ANOVA and t-test for comparing the outcome between the groups and within the groups. I would have recommended the use of multivariate analysis by controlling all the Covariates, this would be best way of eliminating the confounding factors from this study. For example, a study by (Tully et al., 2004), multivariate adjusted relative risk was calculated to measure the association between the exposure and the outcome. The results reported by the authors of this study were not able to establish a tempora l relationship between the exposure and the outcome. For example, the authors reported no improvement on the level lipids such as LDL which other studies have reported as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the authors reported 15% and 11% increase in 10 m SWT distance walking for 3 and 5 days respectively. Furthermore, the reported results were consistent with other studies cited by the authors which reported 8 % to 30% increase. The reported results by the author explain the dose-response relation that exists between the exposure and outcome in this study. The existence of biological plausibility can also be supported by the reported result of improved functionality function which helps in lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the validity of this results can be challenged due to confounding that could have emanated from familiarization due to lack practice test. It is worth mentioning that the author did well summarizing the study res ults in the opening part of the discussion section and went further to cite more literature that supports the study findings this proves the consistency of the study. However the authors didnt cite research findings that contradict the study, this would have added more value to the discussion of the subject area. General Comments It is very important that author stated the limitation of the study by identifying issues that include small sample size, sources of the confounding. The authors went further to give the recommendations for feature studies. Furthermore, the authors of this study went ahead to provide information on the impact of the study results and the contribution of the study findings to the study area and the conclusion was basically drawn from the study findings. Reference Anderson, L., Oldridge, N., Thompson, D. R., Zwisler, A. D., Rees, K., Martin, N., Taylor, R. S. (2016). Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,67(1), 1-12. Boccia, S., La Torre, G., Persiani, R., D'Ugo, D., van Duijn, C. M., Ricciardi, G. (2007). A critical appraisal of epidemiological studies comes from basic knowledge: a reader's guide to assess potential for biases.World Journal of Emergency Surgery,2(1), 7. Bowling, A. (2014).Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Chow, C. K., Jolly, S., Rao-Melacini, P., Fox, K. A., Anand, S. S., Yusuf, S. (2010). Association of diet, exercise, and smoking modification with risk of early cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndromes.Circulation,121(6), 750-758. Hashibe, M., Brennan, P., Chuang, S. C., Boccia, S., Castellsague, X., Chen, C., ... Fernandez, L. (2009). Interaction between tobacco and alcohol use and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium.Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers,18(2), 541-550. Heran, B. S., Chen, J. M., Ebrahim, S., Moxham, T., Oldridge, N., Rees, K., ... Taylor, R. S. (2011). Exercise?based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease.The Cochrane Library. Kepes, S., Bennett, A. A., McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Evidence-based management and the trustworthiness of our cumulative scientific knowledge: Implications for teaching, research, and practice.Academy of Management Learning Education,13(3), 446-466. King, A. C., Haskell, W. L., Young, D. R., Oka, R. K., Stefanick, M. L. (1995). Long-term effects of varying intensities and formats of physical activity on participation rates, fitness, and lipoproteins in men and women aged 50 to 65 years. Circulation, 91(10), 2596-2604. Li, J., Siegrist, J. (2012). Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular diseasea meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.International journal of environmental research and public health,9(2), 391-407. Meisinger, C., Lwel, H., Heier, M., Kandler, U., Dring, A. (2007). Association of sports activities in leisure time and incident myocardial infarction in middle-aged men and women from the general population: the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study.European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention Rehabilitation,14(6), 788-792. Mons, U., Hahmann, H., Brenner, H. (2014). A reverse J-shaped association of leisure time physical activity with prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease: evidence from a large cohort with repeated measurements.Heart,100(13), 1043-1049. Quincy, B., Ragan, P. (2017). Critical Appraisal of Observational Designs.The Journal of Physician Assistant Education,28(1), 49-52. Rastogi, T., Vaz, M., Spiegelman, D., Reddy, K. S., Bharathi, A. V., Stampfer, M. J., ... Ascherio, A. (2004). Physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease in India.International journal of epidemiology,33(4), 759-767. Rognmo, ., Moholdt, T., Bakken, H., Hole, T., Mlstad, P., Myhr, N. E., ... Wislff, U. (2012). Cardiovascular risk of high-versus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in coronary heart disease patients.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-112. Salmond, S., Porter, S. (2016). Critical Appraisal.Comprehensive Systematic Review for Advanced Practice Nursing, 173. Sattelmair, J., Pertman, J., Ding, E. L., Kohl, H. W., Haskell, W., Lee, I. M. (2011). Dose response between physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-110. Shiroma, E. J., Lee, I. M. (2010). Physical activity and cardiovascular health.Circulation,122(7), 743-752. Soares-Miranda, L., Siscovick, D. S., Psaty, B. M., Longstreth, W. T., Mozaffarian, D. (2015). Physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-115. Sofi, F., Capalbo, A., Cesari, F., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F. (2008). Physical activity during leisure time and primary prevention of coronary heart disease: an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies.European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention Rehabilitation,15(3), 247-257. Stott-Miller, M., Chen, C., Chuang, S. C., Lee, Y. C. A., Boccia, S., Brenner, H., ... Levi, F. (2012). History of diabetes and risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis from the international head and neck cancer epidemiology consortium.Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers,21(2), 294-304. Tully, M. A., Cupples, M. E., Chan, W. S., McGlade, K., Young, I. S. (2005). Brisk walking, fitness, and cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial in primary care.Preventive medicine,41(2), 622-628. Tully, M. A., Cupples, M. E., Hart, N. D., McEneny, J., McGlade, K. J., Chan, W. S., Young, I. S. (2007). Randomised controlled trial of home-based walking programmes at and below current recommended levels of exercise in sedentary adults.Journal of epidemiology and community health,61(9), 778-783. Zaccai, J. H. (2004). How to assess epidemiological studies.Postgraduate medical journal,80(941), 140-147.